System and method for network based hearing aid compatible mode selection

ABSTRACT

A system and method for providing a hearing aid compatibility mode of communication service to hearing aid users is disclosed. The described system can store an indication at a communication network that a given account is used by a person who wears hearing aid equipment. Services provided to that account can then use communication parameters and network resources which tend to minimize interference with a hearing aid. The network can instruct the user equipment and the radio access network to communicate using hearing aid friendly parameters. In some cases, network resources beyond those allocated for accounts not indicated as hearing aid user accounts can be allocated. Parameters adjusted in hearing aid compatibility mode can include codec rates, operating power levels, and burst frame length, among others. In some described embodiments, the hearing aid compatibility mode can be selectively enabled as desired by an account user.

TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention relates generally to mobile network communication devicecompatibility with hearing assistive devices. More specifically, itrelates to the selection of network and handset operating modes thatenhance compatibility between mobile communication devices and hearingassistive devices.

BACKGROUND

Hearing assistive systems are used to assist the hearing impaired tobest compensate for a user's hearing loss profile. Hearing assistivesystems can include hearing aids, cochlear implants, and relateddevices. In simple terms a hearing aid is a device worn by a user topick up and amplify sound and provide it to a user's ear canal. Hearingaid technology has continually improved, resulting in ever smallerdevices which are often categorized by how they fit about a user's ear.For example, some common hearing aid styles listed by decreasing sizeinclude behind-the-ear (BTE), in-the-ear (ITE), in-the-canal (ITC),mostly-in-the-canal (MIC) and completely-in-the-canal (CIC) hearingaids.

Hearing aids worn outside the ear and cochlear implant input devicesoperate in either a microphone mode, in which sound waves incident uponthe device are converted to electrical energy, or a telecoil mode, inwhich magnetic energy is converted to electrical energy. In either mode,the resultant electrical signal is subsequently amplified, processed,and output to the user. When a hearing aid operates in an environmentthat includes a modulated RF field or a fluctuating magnetic field,undesired interference may be induced in the hearing aid circuitry asthe varying fields are detected and processed as electrical signals bythe hearing aid.

Mobile communication devices have now become commonplace, andinterference generated by these devices continues to pose challenges forhearing aid designers. Use of a mobile communication device commonlyinvolves placing it close to an ear so that sounds from a speaker can beheard. This placement often leads to a hearing aid of a user beinglocated within a strong, interference-inducing RF field of thecommunication device. The problem is further exacerbated by the factthat interference generated by the now common digital communicationdevices such as digital cell phones is generally more obtrusive thanthat caused by their analog counterparts.

Digital wireless telephones transmit over a wireless network via radiowaves. The radio waves generated by the digital telephone are typicallydetected and demodulated by the hearing aid circuitry, therebyintroducing an interference signal to the hearing assistive device. Theinterference signal is then amplified, processed, and delivered to theuser along with the desired signal. As a result, the audible quality ofthe desired signal is diminished. Digital wireless devices that employtime division multiplexed modulation schemes often generate interferencedue to the on/off keying of their modulation envelopes. The pulsing ofthe transmissions may produce interference at the fundamentalfrequencies associated with the pulse rates, as well as at theassociated harmonic frequencies across the audible spectrum.Interference may also be produced by RF energy picked up by componentsof hearing assistive devices, such as a telecoil in a hearing aid.

The digital telephone's electronics, such as the backlighting, thedisplay, the keypad, the battery leads and the circuit board often alsogenerate pulsed magnetic fields. The resultant magnetic field energytypically impacts for example, a hearing aid's wiring andinterconnections, to generate interference at the hearing aid. This typeof interference, often referred to as baseband magnetic interference, isalso converted to an electrical signal that is then processed by thehearing aid, amplified, and delivered to the hearing aid user along withthe desired signal, such as the voice of a human speaker. In addition todigital cell phones, digital cordless phones, portable digital radiosand other digital devices generate electromagnetic interference which,when processed by the hearing aid, is subsequently output to the user.Analog apparatus such as power transformers, fluorescent lighting, andpower lines likewise produce electromagnetic field static thatinterferes with hearing assistive devices.

Electronic interference, whether generated by pulsating electric ormagnetic fields, combines with the desired signals picked up by amicrophone, telecoil, or circuitry to form a composite signal at thehearing assistive device. The composite signal is processed by thehearing assistive device and output to the user. Depending on the sourceand duration of the interference, the hearing assistive deviceperformance may be noticeably and significantly reduced, to the pointwhere the hearing impaired user is discouraged from either using thehearing assistive device, such as a hearing aid, or discouraged fromusing the item that generates the interference, such as a cellulartelephone.

Due to the importance of accessible wireless communications for thehearing impaired, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) hasimposed a mandate for hearing aid compatibility (HAC) for wirelesscommunications devices on both device manufacturers and serviceproviders. Many of the solutions proposed for meeting these HACrequirements have focused primarily on handset-based solutions.

SUMMARY

The various embodiments of the present invention overcome theshortcomings of the prior art by providing a communication system thatcan offer services by reducing the potential for interference andenabling a hearing aid compatible (HAC) mode of operation. Acommunication system according to the present invention can comprise ahost node, where the host node includes a memory for storing an accountidentifier in association with a hearing aid user indication. Theindication can mark the account as being that of a hearing aid user.Services provided to the account can then be provided in a HAC mode ofoperation. Alternatively, or in addition, the memory can store anindication that the account is authorized to receive services in a HACmode of operation if requested. In this case the system can beconfigured to receive and respond to HAC mode of operation requests fromcommunication devices.

The communication system can be configured to instruct a communicationdevice to communicate using one or more designated settings when a HACmode of operation is enabled. The settings to be adjusted can include acodec rate, a burst frame length, error correction coding, operatingpower level, a frequency band, an antenna configuration, and displaybacklighting circuitry.

The communication system can be configured to cause the radio accessnetwork of the communication system to communicate with a communicationdevice associated with the account using one or more designated settingswhen a HAC mode of operation is enabled. The settings to be adjusted caninclude a codec rate, a burst frame length, error correction coding,operating power level, a frequency band, an interference cancellationtechnique, and an antenna configuration.

The communication system can be configured to monitor the number of HACmode users at a given cell site and/or sector to prevent the overallocation of network resources. The system can also be configured toincrease timers to hold HAC mode calls during periods of high frame rateerrors and configured to provide additional network resources to a HACmode E911 call. An indication that a given account is to be provided aHAC mode of operation can be provided to other communication serviceproviders to facilitate the use of a HAC mode while an audiocommunication device is roaming on that network.

A method of providing a hearing aid compatibility mode of operation in acommunication network is also described. The method can includeperforming a lookup operation on a memory of a host node of acommunication system to determine if a account should be granted servicein a HAC mode of operation. If it is determined that the account shouldbe granted service in a HAC mode of operation, service in a HAC mode ofoperation is provided.

An audio communication device according to the present inventioncomprises a transceiver and a processor where the processor can beconfigured to accept a user selection indicating that a hearing aidcompatibility (HAC) mode of operation is desired. The user's selectioncan be transmitted by the audio communication device to a communicationnetwork in order to request a HAC mode of operation.

The foregoing has broadly outlined some of the aspects and features ofthe present invention, which should be construed to be merelyillustrative of various potential applications of the invention. Otherbeneficial results can be obtained by applying the disclosed informationin a different manner or by combining various aspects of the disclosedembodiments. Accordingly, other aspects and a more comprehensiveunderstanding of the invention may be obtained by referring to thedetailed description of the exemplary embodiments taken in conjunctionwith the accompanying drawings, in addition to the scope of theinvention defined by the claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIGS. 1 a and 1 b are block diagrams illustrating representativeenvironments in which the present invention may be implemented.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a wireless audio communication deviceaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 3 depicts an interface screen for selecting an HAC mode.

FIG. 4A depicts an interface screen for answering an incoming call in anHAC mode.

FIG. 4B depicts an interface screen for requesting an HAC mode for acall in progress.

FIG. 5 illustrates a wireless audio communication device having adetector for determining the presence of a hearing aid.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of a method for providing an HAC mode of operationaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a method for updating an HAC indication at acommunication network according to a selection made by an account user.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart of a method for providing an HAC mode of operationon a case-by-case basis.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart of a method for a network to manage communicationparameters of wireless UE to provide an HAC mode of operation.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart of a method for a network to manage communicationparameters of a RAN to provide an HAC mode of operation.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosedherein. It will be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merelyexamples to illustrate aspects of the invention that may be embodied invarious and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale,and some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details ofparticular components. In other instances, well-known materials ormethods have not been described in detail to avoid obscuring the presentinvention. Therefore, specific structural and functional detailsdisclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but as a basisfor the claims and for teaching one skilled in the art to variouslyemploy the present invention.

Referring now to the drawings in which like numerals indicate likeelements throughout the several views, the drawings illustrate certainof the various aspects of exemplary embodiments of the presentinvention. FIG. 1 a illustrates an exemplary UMTS network 100. Thearchitecture is based on the 3GPP (Third Generation Partnership Project)Release 99 specification. However, it is to be understood that thesubject innovation can be applied to any UMTS telecommunicationsarchitecture, including by way of example, Release 5 (R5) and Release 6(R6) 3GPP standards. UMTS offers teleservices (e.g., speech and/orSMS-Short Message Service) and bearer services, which provide thecapability for information transfer between access points.

The UMTS network 100 can consist of three interacting domains; a userequipment (UE) domain 102, a UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network(UTRAN) domain 104, and a core network (CN) domain 106. The UTRAN domain104 is also referred to as the access network domain and the CN 106 isreferred to as the core network domain, the both of which comprise aninfrastructure domain.

The UE domain 102 includes a USIM (user services identity module) domainand an ME (mobile equipment) domain. User equipment is the equipmentused by the user to access UMTS services. In the UE domain 102, the UMTSIC card is the USIM 108 which has the same physical characteristics asGSM SIM (subscriber identity module) card. The USIM interfaces to ME 110via a Cu reference point. Functions of the USIM include: support of oneUSIM application (and optionally, more than one); support of one or moreuser profiles on the USIM; update of USIM specific information over theair; security functions; user authentication; optional inclusion ofpayment methods; and optional secure downloading of new applications.

UE terminals work as an air interface counterpart for Node-B devices ofthe access network and have many different types of identities.Following are some of the UMTS identity types, which are taken directlyfrom GSM specifications: international mobile subscriber identity(IMSI); temporary mobile subscriber identity (TMSI); packet temporarymobile subscriber identity (P-TMSI); temporary logical link identity(TLLI); mobile station ISDN (MSISDN); international mobile stationequipment identity (IMEI); and international mobile station equipmentidentity and software version number (IMEISV).

A UMTS mobile station (MS) can operate in one of three modes ofoperation. A PS/CS mode of operation is where the MS is attached to boththe PS (packet-switched) domain and CS (circuit-switched) domain, andthe MS is capable of simultaneously operating PS services and CSservices. A PS mode of operation is where the MS is attached to the PSdomain only, and can only operate services of the PS domain. However,this does not prevent CS-like services from being offered over the PSdomain (e.g., VoIP). In a third CS mode of operation, the MS is attachedto the CS domain only, and can only operate services of the CS domain.

The UTRAN 104 provides the air interface access method for the UE domain102. The reference point between the UE domain and the infrastructuredomain is the Uu UMTS radio interface. The access network domainprovides the physical entities that manage resources of the accessnetwork and facilitates access to the core network domain. In UMTSterminology, a base station of the access network domain is referred asa Node-B device 112, and control equipment for Node-B devices is calleda radio network controller (RNC) 114. The interface between the Node-Bdevice and the RNC 114 is the lub interface. The interface between twoRNCs is called the lur interface.

The functions of Node-B devices include: air interfacetransmission/reception; modulation and demodulation; CDMA (Code DivisionMultiple Access) physical channel coding; micro diversity; errorhanding; and closed loop power control. The functions of the RNCinclude: radio resource control; admission control; channel allocation;power control settings; handover control; macro diversity; ciphering;segmentation and reassembly; broadcast signaling; and open loop powercontrol.

Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) technology was selected for UTRAN air interface.UMTS WCDMA is a direct sequence CDMA system where user data ismultiplied with quasi-random bits derived from WCDMA spreading codes. InUMTS, in addition to channelization, codes are used for synchronizationand scrambling. WCDMA has two basic modes of operation: frequencydivision duplex (FDD) and time division duplex (TDD).

The Core Network is divided in circuit-switched and packet-switcheddomains. Some of the circuit-switched elements are a MSC/VLR 116, andGMSC 118. Packet-switched elements include a serving GPRS support node(SGSN) 120 and gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) 122. Some networkelements such as an EIR (equipment identity register) (not shown), HLR(home location register) 124, VLR and AuC (authentication center) (notshown) can be shared by both domains.

A function of the CN 102 is to provide switching, routing and transitfor user traffic. The CN 102 also contains the databases and networkmanagement functions. The basic CN architecture for UMTS is based on theGSM network with GPRS (general packet radio service) capability. Allequipment is modified for UMTS operation and services. The radio accessnetwork has several interfaces which can be configured and dimensioned.The CN 106 interfaces to the radio access domain via an lu interface. Anlu-CS (circuit-switched) reference point interfaces an RNC of the accessnetwork to the MSCNLR entity 116 of the CN 106 for voice from/to theMSCNLR 116. An lu-PS (packet-switched) reference point interfaces an RNCof the access network to the SGSN entity 120 of the CN 106 for datafrom/to the SGSN 120.

In the CN 106, a Gs interface is provided between the MSCNLR 116 and theSGSN. A Gn interface is provided between the SGSN 120 and the GGSN 122.A D interface is provided between the MSCNLR 116 and the HLR 124, andthe HLR 124 and the GMSC 118. A Gr interface is provided between theSGSN 120 and the HLR 124. A Gc interface is provided between the GGSN122 and the HLR 124.

The CN 106 provides the interface from the UE domain 102 to externalnetworks 126 such as the Internet 128 via a Gi interface from the GGSN122, and other networks 130 via the GMSC 118, which can include a PLMN(public land mobile network), PSTN and ISDN (integrated service digitalnetwork) networks.

The disclosed invention finds application to EDGE (Enhanced Data ratesfor GSM Evolution) technology. EDGE is effectively the final stage inthe evolution of the GSM standard, and uses a modulation schema thatenables theoretical data speeds of up to 384 Kbps within the existingGSM spectrum. EDGE is an alternative upgrade path towards 3G servicesfor operators, without access to a new spectrum.

The architecture of the invention also finds application to ahierarchical cell structure (HCS). HCS is the architecture of amulti-layered cellular network where subscribers are handed over from amacrocell to a microcell, and even further, to a picocell, depending onthe current network capacity and the needs of the subscriber.

Prior art solutions to hearing aid compatibility (HAC) issues withwireless communication systems have focused solely or primarily on theUE, its design, and communication parameters under UE control. Thereare, however, many communication parameters that are not under UEcontrol that can affect the wireless communication system's interferencewith HA equipment. Other UE settings and parameters are controllable bythe UE, but in the context of minimizing HA interference can be bettermanaged by other communication system elements.

Many of the wireless communication parameters associated with UEcommunications with a RAN are handled by the RAN or CN, as opposed tothe UE. Parameters such as communication mode selection (e.g., GSM vs.UMTS vs. WiFi for UE having multiple modes), operating power levels,codec rates for digitized voice data sent between the UE and thenetwork, burst transmission frame length, error correction codingschemes, frequency selection, antenna selection, quality of service(QoS) provided to a given UE, time windows for holding a call before itis released due to high frame errors, and others are generallycontrolled by the network or the UE is configured to control theseparameters according to a process that does not generally permit usercontrol. User control is generally not permitted for these parameters,as this could be disruptive to the efficient operation of the wirelesscommunication network. For example, if a user is permitted to manuallycontrol the transmitter power level of their handset, the communicationnetwork could not manage the transmitter power to minimize interferencebetween nearby handsets. Likewise, manual control of codec rates couldlead to inefficient use of the limited bandwidth available. Therefore,the communication network is generally designed to manage many of thecommunication parameters associated with communication between UEs andthe RAN.

The settings chosen by the network for many of these parameters,individually and in combination, can affect the interference associatedwith using a audio communication device in concert with a HA. Certainsettings can generate relatively high levels of interference, whileothers tend to minimize interference between a wireless communicationnetwork, including its UE, and a HA. The communication network, however,manages these communication parameters without any consideration of howthese parameters can affect that interference, in part because thecommunication network is ignorant of which UE is being used in concertwith a HA.

Where a HA user is properly indicated, the network can attempt, withinthe limitations imposed by current bandwidth availability, to tailor oneor more communication parameters to minimize interference at the HA dueto the wireless communication network. Using the disclosed system andmethods, the potential for a HA user to successfully place a wirelesscall or use other communication network service are maximized.

The CN 106 can store an indication that a subscriber account is one thatwill be used with a HA. This indication can comprise a record in adatabase of a server in the CN 106. For example, the indication can bestored in the host node HLR 124 and/or another database configured tostore such data. The indication can comprise an association of anaccount identifier with an indication that the account will be used withHA equipment. For example, in a GSM or UMTS network, as shown in theexamples in Tables 1-3 below, the account identifier can comprise aninternational mobile subscriber identity (IMSI). The indication that theaccount will be used with HA equipment can comprise a Boolean value in acolumn or field of a database table such as a YES, NO, one, zero, check,or no check, for example.

Table 1 shows an example where the IMSI is used as the accountidentifier and the hearing aid compatibility account (HAC_account) fieldholds a Boolean value of 1 to indicate that the account will be usedwith a hearing aid. Alternatively, the indication can comprise a stringplaced in a column that can be parsed to determine that the string, suchas ‘HA’ for example, is present in the database field. An example ofthis format is shown in Table 2 below. Other methods of associating a HAindication with a wireless account and storing this information in thewireless communication network are contemplated. The example recordsshown in the tables below can include additional fields.

TABLE 1 IMSI HAC_account 310410123456789 1

TABLE 2 IMSI Features 310410123456789 xxx,xxx,xxx,HA,xxx,...

Table 3 below provides an example of a database record which can storean indication that a given subscriber account is authorized to use anHAC mode. Such an indication can be used to permit the subscriber toactivate and deactivate an HAC mode for an account. There may besituations where an HAC mode is not desired by a user. For example, theuser might not always wear a HA, or the UE might be shared between twoor more users all of whom do not wear an HA.

TABLE 3 IMSI HAC_authorized 310410123456789 1

Where the communications network stores an indication that the accountis authorized to receive a HAC mode of service, the user of the UE canrequest that the HAC mode be enabled or disabled for services providedby the network to UE used with the account. The user can set the HACmode via a menu of the UE, UE soft keys, through a web interface,entering a string of digits or characters via a UE keypad, or othermethods. The HAC mode can be set by a user on a call by call basis, on aper service basis, and/or the setting can be stored and remain staticuntil the user changes it.

The wireless communications network operator can require users thatdesire HAC mode operation of their UE to provide proof that they wear aHA, such as by providing a copy of a HA prescription or other sufficientproof. Because the HAC mode, in some cases, overrides communicationparameters normally controlled by the network to manage bandwidth,transmit power (inter UE interference), and quality of service, it isdesirable to prevent non-HA users from receiving HAC mode service.

FIG. 1 b illustrates an exemplary GSM network that may be used toimplement the various aspects of the present invention. The GSM system,designed as a 2G cellular communications system, utilizes time divisionmultiple access (TDMA) technology. Digitally-encoded speech can also beciphered to retain call privacy. Voice calls are the primary function ofthe GSM system. To achieve this, a vocoder is used. A vocoder is a voicecoder device that usually consists of a speech analyzer and a speechsynthesizer. The speech analyzer converts analogue speech waveforms intonarrowband digital signals during an encoding process. The speechsynthesizer converts or decodes the digital signals into artificialspeech sounds.

GSM also supports a variety of other data services, although theperformance for such data services (e.g., facsimile videotext andteletext) is relatively slow. One data service includes SMS that allowsbi-directional messaging, store-and-forward delivery, and alphanumericmessages. The overall system definition for GSM describes not only theair interface, but also the network. GSM uses 200 KHz RF channels, andare typically multiplexed to, for example, enable eight users to accesseach carrier.

The GSM network 132 includes a base station subsystem (BSS) 134, anetwork subsystem (NSS) 136 and a GPRS core network 138. The BSS 134 caninclude one or more base transceiver stations (BTS) 140 and a basestation controller (BSC) 142 connected together on an A-bis interface.The BTS and accompanying base stations (not shown) connect a cell phoneto a cellular network. Base stations are all interconnected tofacilitate roaming from one cell to another via a process calledhandover, without losing the cell connection.

A packet control unit (PCU) 144 is shown connected to the BTS 140although the exact position of this can depend on the vendorarchitecture. The BSS 134 is connected by the air interface Um to amobile terminal 146. The BTS 140 are the actual transmitters andreceivers of radio signals. Typically, a BTS for anything other than apicocell will have several different transceivers (TRXs) which allow itto serve several different frequencies or even several different cells(in the case of sectorized base stations).

By using directional antennae on a base station, each pointing indifferent directions, it is possible to sectorize the base station sothat several different cells are served from the same location. Thisincreases the traffic capacity of the base station (each frequency cancarry eight voice channels) while not greatly increasing theinterference caused to neighboring cells (in any given direction, only asmall number of frequencies are being broadcast).

The BSC 142 provides the intelligence behind the BTS 140. Typically, aBSC can have tens or even hundreds of BTSs 140 under its control. TheBSC 142 handles allocation of radio channels, receives measurements fromthe mobile phones, and controls handovers from BTS to BTS (except in thecase of an inter-MSC handover in which case control is in part theresponsibility of the an MSC). One function of the BSC 142 is to act asa concentrator such that many different low capacity connections to theBTS 140 can become reduced to a smaller number of connections towardsthe MSC. Generally, this means that networks are often structured tohave many BSCs 142 distributed into regions near the BTS 140 which arethen connected to large centralized MSC sites.

The PCU 144 can perform some of the equivalent tasks of the BSC 142. Theallocation of channels between voice and data can be controlled by thebase station, but once a channel is allocated to the PCU 144, the PCU144 takes full control over that channel. The PCU 144 can be built intothe base station, built into the BSC, or even in some architecture, itcan be at an SGSN site.

The BSS 134 connects to the NSS 136 by an A interface. The NSS 136 isshown containing an MSC 148 connected via an SS7 network 150 to an HLR152. The AuC and the EIR, although technically separate functions fromthe HLR 152, are shown together since combining them can be performed inthe network.

The NSS 136 has a direct connection to the PSTN (public switchedtelephone network) 154 from the MSC 148. There is also a connectionto/from the NSS 136 to the GPRS core network 138 via a Gr/Gs interfacealthough this is optional and not always implemented. The illustratedGPRS Core Network 138 is simplified to include a SGSN 156 (connected tothe BSS 134 by the Gb interface) and a GGSN 158. The SGSN 156 and theGGSN 158 are connected together by a private IP network 160 called aGPRS backbone shown as the Gn reference point. A computer 162 isdepicted as connecting to the core network 138 via an Internet orcorporate network 164.

FIG. 2 illustrates a device (e.g., UE 102) according to the presentinvention. The UE 102 includes a microphone 214, a speaker 202, battery212, and a display 204. The UE can further comprise a transceiver 206, acodec 208, and a processor 210. It should be understood that astandalone codec is not required and that, in some embodiments, codecfunctions can be performed by the processor. The UE 102 can also includeone or more antennas 216, 218 for transmitting and receiving signalsfrom the wireless communication network.

FIG. 3 depicts a user interface screen on display 204 of a UE 102. Inthe embodiment illustrated, the UE 102 is capable of accepting a HACmode selection. The interface screen can be reached by navigating a menu300 of the UE 102 using the directional keys 306, the soft keys 302,304, and/or the keypad 308. The UE 102 can provide the selection to thecommunication network upon a change, and/or the selection can beprovided to the network upon requesting a network service including notonly originating a voice call, but also receiving an incoming call.

FIGS. 4A and 4B depict interface screens that can be used on UE 102 topermit a user to select a HAC mode of operation upon receiving anincoming call or originating a voice call. FIG. 4A shows that anincoming call has been placed to the UE 102 from the number123-456-7890. An indication is provided above the soft key 302 to acceptinput from a user of the UE to request that the network and UE connectthe call in HAC mode upon the user pressing the soft key 302. FIG. 4Bdepicts an interface screen 204 of the UE 102, where a call is currentlyin progress (or has been dialed and is ringing) and where an indicationis provided above the soft key 302 to accept input from a user of the UEto request that service for the call be provided to the UE 102 in a HACmode. Though not illustrated, a similar feature can be provided wherebya user can request HAC mode before initiating a call.

As an alternative to the illustrated embodiment, a dedicated button canbe designed on the UE for a “push to HAC” feature implementation. Thatis, the HAC feature could be enabled by a user by pressing the dedicatedbutton. Such an embodiment is described in more detail in published U.S.Patent Application No. 2007/0009125 to the same assignee.

FIG. 5 shows a system that can be used to provide an indication to theUE and on to the communication network, on a call-by-call basis, thatthe UE is being used with a HA. The UE 102 is shown having a detector500, which can detect the presence of a tag 506 of the HA 504 of an ear502 that is brought into proximity to the UE 102. The detector cancomprise an RFID reader and the tag 506 can comprise an RFID tag.Although an ITE HA is illustrated, similar systems can be implementedwith other HA types.

In the examples of FIGS. 3-5, settings of the UE, selections by theuser, and/or the detection of a HA can be provided to the communicationsnetwork via an air interface of the communications network. In responsethe communications network can determine if a HAC mode of operationshould be provided to the UE and, if so, can set one or morecommunication parameters of the network, or instruct the UE to set suchparameters in a way so as to minimize the potential for interference ofthe communications network and/or the UE 102 with a HA of the user.

The system and methods described can be used in providing both circuitswitched and packet switched (such as voice over IP (VoIP)) wirelesscommunication services such as voice calls. The coupling mode between aHA and the UE can be microphone, telecoil (magnetic) or both. Thedisclosed systems and methods are applicable to any of a number ofwireless communication standards, including but not limited to GSM,TDMA, iDEN, WiFi, IEEE 802.xx, 802.16, 802.20, UMTS, HSDPA/HSUPA orHSPA, CDMA, EV-DO, UMB, and LTE. The UE can have multiple modes such asa UMTS mode and a WiFi mode. A HAC mode can be configured to selectbetween the multiple modes and may be further configured to prioritizethe modes. The invention can also be implemented in a cordless phonenetwork such as a household cordless phone system; in such a system aHAC mode could be indicated by a user through the methods describedabove or through a physical switch on a handset or a base unit.

With the communication network having knowledge that a wireless accountis associated with a hearing aid user and that a HAC mode of operationis to be provided, a number of communication parameters can bemanipulated and network resources allocated to attempt to minimizeinterference with a HA. Where a communication network is experiencing aheavy load, certain parameters or resources might not be available.

FIG. 6 shows a flowchart depicting a method 600 for providing an HACmode of operation according to the present invention. The method beginsat block 602 and proceeds to block 604 where a request is received at acommunication network for wireless communication service for a givensubscriber account. At block 606 the account identifier of the requestis retrieved. At block 608 a lookup operation is performed to determineif the account should receive an HAC mode of operation for the serviceto be provided. At decision block 610 if an HAC mode of operation isindicated service can be provided in an HAC mode of operation 612 andthe method ends at block 616. If an HAC mode of operation is notindicated for the account, service can be provided in a standard mode ofoperation at block 614. The method 600 can be used generally where theHAC mode of operation is set for the account and used for servicesprovided to the account until the HAC mode of operation indicator ischanged, in contrast to the method 800 of FIG. 8 where the request forHAC service is received on a case by case basis.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart depicting a method 700 for updating an HACindication at a communication network according to a selection made byan account user. The method starts at block 702 and proceeds to block704 where a user selection for an HAC preference is received from acommunication device at the communication network. At block 706 theaccount identifier is retrieved for the subject account. At block 708 alookup operation is performed to retrieve an HAC authorizationindication corresponding to the account. At decision block 710, if theaccount is HAC authorized the HAC indication stored on the network isupdated according to the user selection 712. If the account is not HACauthorized a message is transmitted to the user's audio communicationdevice indicating that the account is not HAC authorized 714. The methodends at block 716.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart depicting a method 800 where an HAC authorizationindication is stored at the network and requests for a HAC mode ofoperation are received by the network before or as services are beingprovided. The method begins at block 802 and proceeds to block 804 wherea request is received for wireless communication service in an HAC modeof operation at a communication network. This request can be received,for example, upon an audio communication device initiating a telephonecall where a setting has been made in the audio communication deviceindicating that the user desires an HAC mode of operation. The requestcan also be received where an audio communication device initiates atelephone call upon pressing a soft key to place the call in an HACmode. In addition, the method can be used where a user answers anincoming call by pressing a soft key indicating that the user wishes toanswer the call in an HAC mode of operation, and/or used where adetector such as the detector 500 of FIG. 5 is used to detect thepresence of an HA near the acoustic output of the UE. The methodcontinues to block 806 where the account identifier for the account isretrieved from the request. At block 808 a lookup operation is performedto retrieve the HAC authorization indication for the account. Atdecision block 810, if the account is HAC authorized, service isprovided in an HAC mode at block 812. If the account is not HACauthorized, service is provided in a normal/standard mode at block 814.The method ends at block 816.

FIG. 9 depicts a method 900 for a network to manage communicationparameters of wireless UE to provide a HAC mode of operation. The methodbegins at block 902 and proceeds to block 904 where it is determinedwhether the UE associated with the account to which service is beingprovided has network directable settings for the service to be provided.For example, the method can determine if the subject device has multiplecodec settings the selection of which can be controlled by the network.The existence of such settings can be presumed in the case of somecommunication technologies where their existence is part of thecommunication standard. Where multiple settings for a given parameterare optional in communication devices, the communication network canquery the device and/or the network to determine the capabilities of thedevice. For example, if the device is a GSM/UMTS device an IMEI can beobtained from the device by the network, the network can then query anetwork memory to determine the capabilities of the device where thememory queried includes IMEIs stored with device capabilities—in adatabase table, for example. Alternatively, the audio communicationdevice can report its capabilities to the network through the RAN.

If it is determined that the device has no network directable settingsfor the given communication parameter at decision block 906, the methodends at block 916. If it is determined that the device has networkdirectable settings for the given parameter, the set of availablesettings can be determined at block 908. The available settings can bedetermined in a similar way as described above for determining if anydirectable settings exist. At block 910, the network determines which ofthe available settings is least likely to cause interference with a HAof the device user. At decision block 912, a check is performed todetermine if sufficient network resources exist to provide the serviceusing the determined setting. If such resources exist, the device isdirected to use the determined setting at block 914. If sufficientresources do not exist, the method ends at 916. If two or morealternatives exist for the setting as determined at block 908, themethod can loop back to block 910 from decision block 912 to determineif a less resource intensive setting can be used to minimize HAinterference. This loop back operation is only available if two or morealternatives exist for the setting as determined at block 908 and assuch, a dashed loop is illustrated for this case.

If only one setting is available, flow proceeds through each blockultimately directing the device to use the sole setting. If two settingsexist, that is a first setting and one alternative setting, then adecision is made at block 910 to determine the available setting for thegiven parameter least likely to cause interference with a HA. Thesetting least likely to cause interference with the HA is then used bythe device. In some instances, as determined at block 912, networkresources are not sufficient to provide service using the selectedsetting. Accordingly, the method proceeds to block 916 and the methodends. A first setting and one alternative setting can cause the methodto default to the remaining setting if the first selected setting doesnot meet the requirements of block 912.

If three or more setting exist, that is a first setting and at least twoalternative settings, then a decision is made at block 910 to determinethe available setting for the given parameter least likely to causeinterference with the HA. It is then determined, at block 912, ifnetwork resources are sufficient to provide service using the selectedsetting. If network resources are not sufficient, flow proceeds throughthe dashed loop back to block 910 wherein the remaining settings areanalyzed to determine the given parameter least likely to causeinterference with the HA. The method repeats until a setting isdetermined, at block 912, to be sufficient to provide service using theselected setting.

FIG. 10 depicts a method 1000 for a network to manage communicationparameters of a RAN to provide an HAC mode of operation. The methodbegins at block 1002 and proceeds to block 1004 where it is determinedwhether the RAN associated with the account to which service is beingprovided has network directable settings for the service to be provided.For example, the method can determine if the RAN has any steerableantennas which can be used directed toward the location of the UEcommunicating with the RAN.

If it is determined that the RAN has no network directable settings forthe given communication parameter at decision block 1007, the methodends at block 1017. If it is determined that the RAN has networkdirectable settings for the given parameter, the set of availablesettings can be determined at block 1009. At block 1011, the networkdetermines which of the available settings is least likely to causeinterference with a HA of the device user. At decision block 1013 acheck is performed to determine if sufficient network resources exist toprovide the service using the determined setting. If such resourcesexist, the RAN is directed to use the determined setting at block 1015.If sufficient resources do not exist, the method ends at 1017. If two ormore alternatives exist for the setting as determined at block 1009, themethod can loop back to block 1011 from decision block 1013 to determineif a less resource intensive setting can be used to minimize HAinterference. This loop back operation is only available if two or morealternatives exist for the setting as determined at block 1009 and, assuch, a dashed loop is illustrated for this case.

If only one setting is available, flow proceeds through each blockultimately directing the device to use the sole setting. If two settingsexist, that is a first setting and one alternative setting, then adecision is made at block 1011 to determine the available setting forthe given parameter least likely to cause interference with a HA. Thesetting least likely to cause interference with the HA is then used bythe device. In some instances, as determined at block 1013, networkresources are not sufficient to provide service using the selectedsetting. Accordingly, the method proceeds to block 1017 and the methodends. A first setting and one alternative setting can cause the methodto default to the remaining setting if the first selected setting doesnot meet the requirements of block 1013.

If three or more setting exist, that is a first setting and at least twoalternative settings, then a decision is made at block 1011 to determinethe available setting for the given parameter least likely to causeinterference with the HA. It is then determined, at block 1013, ifnetwork resources are sufficient to provide service using the selectedsetting. If network resources are not sufficient, flow proceeds throughthe dashed loop back to block 1011 wherein the remaining settings areanalyzed to determine the given parameter least likely to causeinterference with the HA. The method repeats until a setting isdetermined, at block 1013, to be sufficient to provide service using theselected setting.

In many cases the methods 900 and 1000 will be used in combination. Thatis, a setting directed to the UE will also be directed to the RAN. Wherethis is the case, the available settings for a given parameter can becorroborated between the two methods to limit the selected setting toone that is shared between the RAN and the UE.

Various communication parameters that can be directed for either or botha UE and a RAN are discussed below. This list is not exhaustive, and themethods of the present invention can be used to manage other parametersnot listed in order to provide a HAC mode of operation.

Codec Rate

As a part of a HAC mode provided by a network which is aware of anaccount being associated with a HA user, the network can instruct the UEand the RAN to operate using an adaptive multi-rate (AMR) speech codec.By way of example, the applicable codec rates 12.2 kbits/s, 10.2kbits/s, 7.95 kbits/s, 7.4 kbits/s, 6.7 kbits/s, 5.9 kbits/s, 5.15kbits/s, 4.75 kbits/s, or 1.8 kbits/s as described in 3^(rd) GenerationPartnership Project (3GPP) 26.071 may be used. Alternatively, othercodec rates may be used as required for a specific implementation. In aHAC mode, the network can instruct the UE to maintain higher level codecrates such as 12.2 and 10.2 kbits/s to maintain speech quality andintelligibility.

Burst Frame Length

In a HAC mode, the network can instruct the UE and the RAN to prefer andcommunicate using longer burst frame lengths for transmissions from theUE to the RAN. For example, a burst frame length of 10 ms can be usedinstead of a shorter frame length such as 2 ms. The use of the longerframe can reduce potential RF interference into the HA which producesnoise in the audible range for human hearing (100 kHz to 4000 kHz).

Error Correction Coding

Mobile networks employ error detection and error correction methods tomaintain quality of the speech transmitted during poor RF Signal toNoise connection. Speech information is assembled by the network inspeech frames. The quality of the voice channel is typically based onthe number of speech frames received and those that are rejected basedon the pass/fail of the error detection. The mobile network classifiesthe quality of the voice call by the number of speech frames rejectedand may drop the voice call because of high speech frame error rates. Ina HAC mode, the speech quality for a HA user may need to be maintainedand in poor RF signal conditions the network may see high speech framerejections and should not drop the call until the HA user ends the call.

Power Levels

While a HAC mode is being used, the network can instruct the UE toprefer the use of lower power levels between bursts. The reduction ofthe power level can reduce the RF induced interference into the HA. Thepower levels can be any as defined by the GSM/UMTS specifications suchas provided in 3GPP 34.121. Alternatively, other power levels may beused as required for a specific implementation. In a HAC mode, thenetwork can instruct the UE to limit the RF power to certain power classsteps.

Frequency Selection

Where a HAC mode is enabled and the UE being used is capable ofoperating on various frequency bands, the network can instruct the UEand RAN to prefer one or more of the bands over the others in order toreduce the RF induced interference into the HA.

RAN Antenna Preference

When a HAC mode is enabled, the network can instruct the RAN to prefersteerable antennas or the use of interference cancellation techniques topermit the UE to operate using a lower power output level while stillmaintaining an acceptable signal to noise ratio for uplinkcommunications.

UE Antenna Preference

Where the UE being used has multiple antennas and a HAC mode is enabled,the network can instruct the UE to transmit from an antenna or multipleantennas where transmitting out of such antennas serves to reduce theelectromagnetic field strengths in or near the UE acoustic output (e.g.speaker). For example, the network can direct the UE 102 to transmitfrom antenna 218 (shown in FIG. 2) instead of antenna 216.

UE Display Settings

The circuitry used to power the backlights of many UE displays can causeinterference with a HA. In a HAC enabled mode, the network of thepresent invention can instruct the UE (a UE according to the presentinvention which supports this feature) to turn off the backlight and/ordisable other display options and processes.

Quality of Service

Where a HAC mode is indicated, the network can allocate resources to theUE according to QoS levels available on the network to reduce theinterference into the HA.

Increasing Call Timers

In a HAC mode, the HA user's speech frames may be rejected due to theselection of a higher speech codec rate and error correction in a poorRF signal condition. Where a HAC mode of operation is indicated, thenetwork can increase the timer windows to hold a call longer duringperiods of high speech frame errors and thus not dropping the call.

Packet Scheduler

Mobile communication networks have been based on Circuit Switched (CS)voice calling. The next generation of mobile communications such as LTEand UWB are planning on introduction of Packet Switched (PS) voicecalling such as voice over Internet protocol (VoIP). Unlike circuitswitched voice calls the packetized transport of VoIP introducesvariable delay due to scheduling of the voice packets through thenetwork. In a HAC mode, the network can prioritize the voice packet toenable a higher Quality of Service (QoS) for the HAC call to limit theamount of delay introduced to maintain a higher speech quality voicecall.

Communication Standard

Many newer UE devices include support for multiple communicationstandards. For example, a UE may include support for both a GSM standardand a WiFi standard allowing the UE connect to wireless access pointsand place VoIP calls. The methods of the present invention can be usedto direct a UE to prefer a WiFi mode of operation where one is availableeven if a GSM mode of operation would normally be used by the UE in thegiven circumstances. This can enable to phone to communicate using lowerpower levels to avoid interference with a HA.

E911 Calls

Where a HAC mode of operation is indicated, the network can furtheradjust any of the parameters and/or allocate additional resources asdiscussed herein to give priority to a HA user placing an emergencycall.

Network Monitoring of HAC Mode Users at Given Cell

Even where network directable settings exist, the network might not beable to direct that such settings be used due to there consuming extranetwork resources. In some cases, such additional network resourcesmight not be available. In order to manage these resources, the presentinvention can monitor a given cell site and its sectors to determine thenumber of HAC mode users connected to the cell. The methods of thepresent invention can be used to direct one or more HAC mode users toprefer a connection to another cell or sector where one is available ifthe number of HAC mode users connected to a given cell is high or theresources available at the cell are low.

As described above, the present invention provides network-orientedmethods and systems for addressing the HAC issues. It should beunderstood that some communication parameters can be interdependent andthat, in such cases, some parameters make take priority over others inthe network's direction of those parameters.

In addition, the methods and systems are operated on computers and/orcomputer readable memory or medium, as understood by one skilled in theart.

The law does not require and it is economically prohibitive to and teachevery possible embodiment of the present claims. Hence, theabove-described embodiments are merely exemplary illustrations ofimplementations set forth for a clear understanding of the principles ofthe invention. Variations, modifications, and combinations may be madeto the above-described embodiments without departing from the scope ofthe claims. All such variations, modifications, and combinations areincluded herein by the scope of this disclosure and the followingclaims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A communication system, comprising: a processor;and a computer-readable medium comprising computer-executableinstructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the processorto perform operations, for providing a hearing-aid-compatibility mode ofoperation, comprising: receiving, from an audio communication deviceassociated with a user account, a request for thehearing-aid-compatibility mode of operation in connection with a servicebeing or to be provided to the audio communication device; determining,in response to receiving the request, whether the account is authorizedfor the hearing-aid-compatibility mode of operation; enabling, inresponse to determining that the account is authorized for thehearing-aid-compatibility mode, the hearing-aid-compatibility mode ofoperation for the account in connection with the service; determiningwhether the audio communication device has one or more adjustable,network-directable settings; identifying, in response to determiningthat the audio communication device has one or more network-directablesettings, one or more available user-device settings of the audiocommunications device; determining which of the available user-devicesettings is least likely to cause interference with a hearing aid beingused with the audio communication device, yielding a lowest-interferenceuser-device setting; determining, in response to determining thelowest-interference user-device setting, whether sufficient networkresources exist to provide the service using the lowest-interferenceuser-device setting; and directing, in response to determining thatsufficient network resources exist to provide the service using thelowest-interference user-device setting, the audio communication deviceto operate according to the lowest-interference user-device settingdetermined.
 2. The communication system of claim 1, wherein thelowest-interference user-device setting is a codec rate.
 3. Thecommunication system of claim 1, wherein the lowest-interferenceuser-device setting is a burst frame length.
 4. The communication systemof claim 3, wherein the burst frame length is optimized for reducedhearing-aid interference.
 5. The communication system of claim 1,wherein the lowest-interference user-device setting is a type of errorcorrection coding optimized for a hearing-aid user requirement.
 6. Thecommunication system of claim 1, wherein the lowest-interferenceuser-device setting is user-device operating power level optimized forreduced hearing-aid interference.
 7. The communication system of claim1, wherein the lowest-interference user-device setting is an antennaconfiguration of the device selected to reduce the electromagnetic fieldinference induced on an acoustic output of the audio communicationdevice.
 8. The communication system of claim 1, wherein thelowest-interference user-device setting comprising a display setting,including a display backlighting circuitry optimizable for reducedhearing-aid interference.
 9. The communication system of claim 1,wherein the operations further comprise monitoring a number ofhearing-aid-compatibility mode users operating at a given location at agiven time to prevent over allocation of resources.
 10. Thecommunication system of claim 1, wherein the operations further compriseincreasing a timer to hold hearing-aid compatibility mode calls to theaudio communication device during periods of high frame rate errors. 11.The communication system of claim 1, wherein the operations furthercomprise providing, to another communication service provider, anindication that the account is using the hearing-aid-compatibility modeto facilitate use of the mode or the audio communication device whilethe audio communication device is roaming on a network served by theother communication provider.
 12. The communication system of claim 1,wherein determining whether sufficient network resources exist toprovide the service using the lowest-interference user-device settingincludes determining whether currently-available network bandwidth issufficient to provide the service to the audio communication device withlowest-interference user-device setting.
 13. The communication system ofclaim 1, wherein the operations further comprise determining whether thenetwork has network-directable settings related to provision of theservice to the audio communications device.
 14. The communication systemof claim 13, wherein the operations further comprise: identifyingnetwork-directable settings related to provision of the service to theaudio communications device; determining which of the network-directablesettings is least likely to cause interference with a hearing aid beingused with the audio communication device, yielding a lowest-interferencenetwork-device setting; determining, in response to determining thelowest-interference user-device setting, whether sufficient networkresources exist to provide the service using the lowest-interferencenetwork-device setting.
 15. The communication system of claim 14,wherein the operations further comprise instructing, in response todetermining that sufficient network resources are available to providethe service to the audio communication device with thelowest-interference network-device setting identified, the network tooperate according to the network-directable setting identified.
 16. Thecommunication system of claim 14, wherein determining whether sufficientnetwork resources are available to provide the service to the audiocommunication device with the lowest-interference network-device settingdetermined includes determining whether currently-available networkbandwidth is sufficient to provide the service to the audiocommunication device with the lowest-interference network-devicesetting.
 17. The communication system of claim 1, wherein thelowest-interference user-device setting includes a frequency-bandsetting.
 18. The communication system of claim 14, wherein thelowest-interference network-device setting includes at least onecharacteristic selected from a group consisting of: a codec rate; aburst frame length; an error correction coding; an operating powerlevel; a frequency band; an antenna configuration; an interferencecancellation technique; a quality of service, a call timer setting,packet prioritization.
 19. The communication system of claim 1, whereindetermining whether the audio communication device has one or morenetwork-directable settings, and identifying one or more availableuser-device settings of the audio communications device, comprisesquerying the device to determine device capabilities.
 20. Thecommunication system of claim 1, wherein determining whether the audiocommunication device has one or more network-directable settings,comprises querying the device to determine device capabilities.
 21. Acomputer-readable storage device comprising computer-executableinstructions that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor toperform operations, for providing a hearing-aid-compatibility mode ofoperation, comprising: receiving, from an audio communication deviceassociated with a user account, a request for thehearing-aid-compatibility mode of operation in connection with a servicebeing or to be provided to the audio communication device; determining,in response to receiving the request, whether the account is authorizedfor the hearing-aid-compatibility mode of operation; enabling, inresponse to determining that the account is authorized for thehearing-aid-compatibility mode, the hearing-aid-compatibility mode ofoperation for the account in connection with the account; determiningwhether the audio communication device has one or more adjustable,network-directable settings; identifying, in response to determiningthat the audio communication device has one or more network-directablesettings, one or more available user-device settings of the audiocommunications device; determining which of the available user-devicesettings is least likely to cause interference with a hearing aid beingused with the audio communication device, yielding a lowest-interferenceuser-device setting; determining, in response to determining thelowest-interference user-device setting, whether sufficient networkresources exist to provide the service using the lowest-interferenceuser-device setting; and directing, in response to determining thatsufficient network resources exist to provide the service using thelowest-interference user-device setting, the audio communication deviceto operate according to the lowest-interference user-device settingdetermined.
 22. A method, for providing a hearing-aid-compatibility modeof operation, comprising: receiving, by a system using a computerprocessor, from an audio communication device associated with a useraccount, a request for the hearing-aid-compatibility mode of operationin connection with a service being or to be provided to the audiocommunication device; determining, by the system, in response toreceiving the request, whether the account is authorized for thehearing-aid-compatibility mode of operation; enabling, by the system, inresponse to determining that the account is authorized for thehearing-aid-compatibility mode, the hearing-aid-compatibility mode ofoperation for the account in connection with the account; determining,by the system, whether the audio communication device has one or moreadjustable, network-directable settings; identifying, by the system, inresponse to determining that the audio communication device has one ormore network-directable settings, one or more available user-devicesettings of the audio communications device; determining, by the system,which of the available user-device settings is least likely to causeinterference with a hearing aid being used with the audio communicationdevice, yielding a lowest-interference user-device setting; determining,by the system, in response to determining the lowest-interferenceuser-device setting, whether sufficient network resources exist toprovide the service using the lowest-interference user-device setting;and directing, by the system, in response to determining that sufficientnetwork resources exist to provide the service using thelowest-interference user-device setting, the audio communication deviceto operate according to the lowest-interference user-device settingdetermined.